ML models using CTCs predict surgery and adjuvant therapy success in HNSCC. Publications | 7 June 2022 ASCO 2022: Machine learning (ML)–enabled, circulating tumor cell–based classification of patients for non-prerequisite adjuvant therapy. An XGBoost ML model using CTCs and clinical data achieved 84% accuracy in predicting the need for adjuvant therapy in 380 HNSCC patients. Background Oncology implicates the highest precision using next-generation diagnostics and progressive therapies assisted by predictive tools. If validated clinically, machine learning (ML) can provide better insights in precision oncology. Furthermore, it may longitudinally stratify the progression of cancer disease burden in real time. We have developed a circulating tumor cells (CTCs) driven ML model as a predictor for the treatment decision strategy for both surgery and adjuvant therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Methods In this study, a total of 380 HNSCC patients who underwent either surgery alone or surgery plus adjuvant therapy were accounted for. CTCs in patients were stratified based on clinicopathological parameters and using the OncoDiscover platform having an anti-EpCAM antibody system regulated by the Drug Controller of India. Following this, we explored the predictive performance of the ML model on the usefulness of adjuvant therapy in HNSCC patients after the surgery. The available data was randomly divided into two subsets. First, 75% of the original data was applied for training the ML, and the rest 25% of the data was used as a test set. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan–Meier method and calculated through the log-rank test. Results The XGBoost machine learning classifier was superior to Random Forest and SVM-based analyses in predicting the usefulness of adjuvant therapy post-surgery using CTCs alone or in combination with other clinical parameters in HNSCC patients. Machine learning algorithms were compared for predicting the accuracy of patient stratification. The results for each model were: XGBoost model (Accuracy = 0.84, ROC value = 0.73, Kappa = 0.43); Random Forest model (Accuracy = 0.81, ROC value = 0.70, Kappa = 0.41); SVM model (Accuracy = 0.76, ROC value = 0.69, Kappa = 0.40). The ROC value of the XGBoost model was highest (0.73), while the ROC value for the SVM model was lower (0.69). We observed that when CTCs were combined with clinicopathological parameters, the accuracy, kappa values, and AUC-ROC drastically improved in predicting the usefulness of adjuvant therapy post-surgery. A similar trend was observed when CTCs were combined with clinicopathological parameters in predicting the line of chemotherapy post-surgery. Conclusions ML-enabled, CTC-driven predictions can be highly accurate and ascertain the patient treatments. CTCs can be a positive predictor for selecting a patient’s treatment regimen in both surgery as well as in the type of treatment (e.g., surgery alone or surgery + adjuvant therapy). It can also be implicated to classify the patients and determine who necessitates additional adjuvant therapy. Further investigations in this direction are necessary to predict the treatment options based on ML that may improve the overall survival of cancer patients. Know more Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Actorius at ESMO 2025 Events | 17 October 2025 ESMO 2025 | 17–21 October 2025 Actorius at ESMO 2025 Some Glimpses from ESMO Know more Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Pune start-up gets US patent for delivering drugs to site-specific organs Press Release | 6 March 2023 Pune start-up gets US patent for delivering drugs to site-specific organs The patent was granted to Actorius Innovations and Research and its team that designed capsule shells using natural polymer to obtain a delayed release profile suitable for delivery of drugs to colon and rectum, said Dr Jayant Khandare, founder-director and Chief Scientific Officer of the start-up. Changes in lifestyle and food habits are leading to many colon related diseases including cancers, he said. Delivery of drugs to colorectal site is most challenging as the dosage forms have to prevent the early release of drug in stomach and intestine, he said. This patent (US Patent No. 11596607) is titled "Polymer based formulation for the release of drugs and bioactives at specific GIT sites". Khandare said the technology composition does not involve cumbersome tablet processing, coating and enteric or other polymers. It also reduces processing cost with increased patient compliance, he added. The start-up completed the bio equivalence study which was approved by Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) in September 2020, Khandare said. Click the link below to read the full article. Know More Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Actorius will present seven poster presentations at ISLB 2026 in Madrid, covering liquid biopsy, CTCs, treatment monitoring, biomarkers, residual disease and metastasis research. Events | 7 November 2026 ISLB Annual Congress 2026 | 7-9 November | Madrid, Spain Actorius will present seven scientific posters at ISLB 2026 in Madrid, showcasing research advancing the clinical potential of CTCs across treatment monitoring, biomarker analysis, residual disease, and metastasis research. Seven studies. One shared goal: advancing the clinical potential of circulating tumor cells. This November, at ISLB 2026 in Madrid , Actorius will present seven scientific posters at the International Society of Liquid Biopsy Congress—the highest number of accepted posters from any academic group or company. Our team will be presenting research spanning CTC biology, treatment monitoring, biomarker expression, algorithm-based analysis, minimal cellular residual disease, and extracorporeal approaches. Our Poster Presentations Comparative Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Clusters, and PD-L1 Expression in Paired Peripheral and Portal Venous Blood with Solid Malignancies Detection of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in Circulating Tumor Cells for Dynamic Treatment Decision in Prostate Cancer Patients Algorithm-Based Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells in Cancer Patients Evaluation of Circulating Tumor Cells Expressing PD-L1 and CTC Clusters at Baseline and Follow-Ups in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Capture of Cancerous Cells and Overall Survival in Rats Using an Ex-Vivo Extracorporeal Device in Multiple Onco-Dialysis Cycles Capture of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitioning Circulating Tumor Cells Using an Affinity-Based N-Cadherin System Assessment of Minimal Cellular Residual Disease Using Circulating Tumour Cells in Pre- and Post-Surgery Breast Cancer Patients Across these seven studies, one theme connects our work: That is making circulating tumor cells more clinically meaningful—from understanding tumor biology and treatment response to monitoring residual disease and exploring new approaches to metastasis. Meet our Founders Our three co-founders will also be at ISLB Annual congress. If you work in liquid biopsy, CTC biology, oncology research, or precision oncology, we would be glad to connect and exchange perspectives. Visit us at Booth 7 Meet us in Madrid, or book a meeting in advance actorius.in Events | Actorius Innovations & Research Discover groundbreaking events where innovation meets action in oncology. Join us to explore the future of biotechnology events today! #ISLB2026 #LiquidBiopsy #CirculatingTumorCells #CTC #PrecisionOncology #CancerResearch #OncologyResearch #Actorius #CancerDiagnostics #Metastasis Research Book appointment Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Magnetic nanogels enable optimized capture of circulating tumor cells from blood. Publications | 11 February 2018 Manuscript: Optimizing Circulating Tumor Cells’ Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanogels by Transferrin Decoration Magnetic nanogels with optimized PEG–transferrin linkers achieve over 80% efficiency in selectively capturing circulating tumor cells from blood. Magnetic nanogels (MNGs) are designed with the necessary features to function as highly efficient trapping materials for the challenging task of selectively capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream. A key factor in this process is the ability to discriminate CTCs from hematological cells, which can be optimized by finely tuning the polymers used to link the targeting moiety to the MNGs. Here, we describe the relationship between the capturing efficiency of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin receptors and the different strategies used in polymer linkers to decorate these MNGs with transferrin (Tf). Heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with varying molecular weights were coupled to transferrin in different ratios. Optimal results, with over 80% CTC capture efficiency, were obtained when three PEG linkers with a length of eight ethylene glycol (EG) units were used. These findings highlight the crucial role of linker design in developing efficient CTC-sorting systems. View Manuscript Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

CK18 variance in CTCs across cancer types necessitates validated enumeration. Publications | 9 October 2021 ESMO 2021: Validation of Cytokeratin (CK18) Protein Expression in Epithelial Cell lines and in Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) Study shows significant CK18 expression variance across different cancer cell lines and CTCs, highlighting the need for regulated enumeration tools. Background CTCs predict an unfavourable prognosis and outcomes in cancers. Lowering of cytokeratin 18 expression is a hallmark of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Homogeneity and validation of CK18 expression in cancer cell lines and CTCs originating from distinct solid tumors is indeterminate and may contribute to non-specific counts. We hypothesize that the expression of CK18 in varied cell lines may differ quantitatively, and additionally may exhibit similar trends in CTCs enumerated from different tumor types. Methods CK18 variance in epithelial cell lines (e.g., A549+, MCF-7+, and MEF-) (n=192,269 cells) and CTCs (n=63) of different phenotypes was analyzed and compared. The fluorescence intensity was measured post-immunostaining, using motorized-automated, computer-assisted scanning, and through a customized ImageJ macro tool. The effect of anti-CK18 concentrations (0.06-6 μg/ml) and binding constants (Kb) was measured across all cell lines. CTCs were enumerated from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients' blood samples (CTRI/2018/03/012905) and from clinical samples (e.g., breast, lung, colorectal (CRC), ovarian) using the clinically relevant OncoDiscover platform. Results CK18 mapping revealed diverse fluorescence intensities distribution in three cell lines, as well as in HNSCC, lung, breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer CTCs (Table). In addition, the protein binding assay showed 8.65 x 10^3 Kb (M^-1) for MCF7 and 7.9 x 10^3 for A549 cells indicating concentration-dependent binding for CK18 expressing proteins on cells and may be varied in CTCs of different cancer types. Compared to the CK- cell line (MEF), the normalized CK18 intensity was higher by 290% and 310%, respectively, in MCF7 (breast) and A549 (lung) cells, demonstrating the variation in CK18 expression. On the other hand, CTCs showed significant diversity in CK18 expression with buccal mucosa revealing the lowest (67%), while CTCs of CRC origin demonstrated the highest expression (320%) (Table). CK18 intensity was represented across the cell lines and on CTCs enumerated from different cancer types. Conclusions Non-regulated CTC enumeration platforms pre-requisite critical validations to eliminate the non-specificity of CTC counts, which are highly imperative to clinical decisions in cancer management. Clinical Trial Identification CTRI/2018/03/012905. Know more Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Chemical tunability of advanced materials used in the fabrication of micro/nanobots Publications | 11 April 2023 Manuscript: Chemical tunability of advanced materials used in the fabrication of micro/nanobots Review on chemically tunable micro- and nanobots for targeted nanomedicine, highlighting AI materials, applications, and biosafety considerations. Micro and nanobots (MNBs) are unprecedented in their ability to be chemically tuned for autonomous tasks with enhanced targeting and functionality while maintaining their mobility. A myriad of chemical modifications involving a large variety of advanced materials has been demonstrated to be effective in the design of MNBs. Furthermore, they can be controlled for autonomous motion and for their ability to carry chemical or biological payloads. In addition, MNBs can be modified to achieve targetability with specificity for biological applications. However, MNBs, by virtue of their chemical compositions, may face limitations related to biocompatibility, tissue accumulation, poor biodegradability, and potential toxicity. This review presents a note on artificial intelligence materials (AIMs), their importance, and the dimensional scales at which intrinsic autonomy can be achieved for diverse applications. We briefly discuss the evolution of such systems with a focus on their advancements in nanomedicine. We highlight MNBs by covering their contemporary traits and the emergence of a few start-ups in specific areas. Furthermore, we showcase various examples demonstrating that chemical tunability is an attractive primary approach for designing MNBs with immense capabilities in both biology and chemistry. Finally, we discuss biosafety and ethical considerations in designing MNBs in the era of artificial intelligence for varied applications. View Manuscript Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

National Sales Manager (NSM) Publication Date: 26 Aug 2026 | Last Application Date: 6 Oct 2026 Apply Now Department Sales Location Pan India Experience 15-20 years Location: India / Travel as required Reporting To: Business Leadership / Management Role Overview The National Sales Manager will be responsible for driving the overall sales strategy, business development and revenue growth for Actorius' oncology diagnostics portfolio across India. The role will lead the national sales function, build and manage the regional and zonal sales structure, strengthen relationships with hospitals and oncologists, expand market penetration and establish a scalable sales network. Key Responsibilities Develop and execute the national sales strategy for Actorius' diagnostic products and services. Drive national revenue, sales volume and market-share objectives. Build, manage and mentor the Zonal and Regional Sales teams. Establish strong relationships with oncologists, hospitals, cancer centres, diagnostic laboratories and healthcare institutions. Identify new markets, institutional partnerships and business opportunities. Develop state-wise and region-wise sales plans and targets. Monitor sales pipelines, conversions, collections and overall business performance. Work closely with Marketing and Product teams to develop market-entry and demand-generation strategies. Gather market intelligence, competitor insights and customer feedback. Develop and manage key-account relationships. Conduct regular performance reviews and provide strategic direction to the sales team. Ensure adherence to company policies, regulatory requirements and ethical healthcare marketing practices. Prepare sales forecasts, MIS reports and management updates. Qualifications & Skills Bachelor's/Master's degree in Life Sciences, Pharmacy, Biotechnology, Business Administration or a related field. 15–20 years of relevant sales experience , preferably in diagnostics, IVD, oncology, medical devices, pharmaceuticals or healthcare. Proven experience managing national or multi-regional sales teams. Strong understanding of hospital, oncology and diagnostic ecosystems. Demonstrated track record of achieving revenue targets. Excellent leadership, negotiation and relationship-management skills. Willingness to travel extensively across India. What We Look For At Actorius, we value people who combine ownership, curiosity, scientific thinking and execution . We look for professionals who are: Passionate about healthcare and meaningful innovation. Comfortable working in a fast-growing, innovation-driven environment. Curious and willing to learn. Strong in communication and collaboration. Focused on outcomes and accountability. Comfortable working across functions. Ethical and professional in their approach. Motivated by the opportunity to contribute to technologies that can impact cancer care. About Actorius Actorius Innovations & Research Pvt. Ltd. is an innovation-driven biotechnology and medical diagnostics company focused on developing technologies that address critical challenges in cancer care. From breakthrough research to clinically meaningful diagnostics, Actorius works at the intersection of biotechnology, biomaterials, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), liquid biopsy and oncology diagnostics . Our goal is to translate deep scientific understanding into practical technologies that can help clinicians make more informed decisions and improve patient outcomes. Our flagship OncoDiscover® CTC Test is India's first DCGI/CDSCO-approved blood test for detecting circulating tumor cells and supporting cancer monitoring. Actorius also continues to develop advanced technologies such as OncoMetastat® , alongside its broader research and diagnostic platforms. We are looking for dynamic thinkers, problem-solvers and doers who want to work on meaningful challenges in healthcare and contribute to technologies that can make a difference in cancer care. Why Join Actorius? Work on Meaningful Healthcare Challenges Contribute to technologies focused on cancer diagnostics, CTCs, liquid biopsy and oncology. Be Part of an Innovation-Driven Organisation Work alongside scientists, clinicians, business leaders and healthcare professionals. Learn Across Disciplines Actorius encourages interdisciplinary thinking across science, technology, diagnostics, marketing, sales and operations. Build With Purpose Our work is driven by the belief that better biological insights can contribute to better healthcare decisions. Grow With the Organisation Join a growing team where ownership, initiative and individual contribution matter. How to Apply Click the below link to apply. Candidates are encouraged to clearly mention the position and preferred location in their application. Apply Now

HER2 analysis on CTCs enables real-time monitoring in metastatic breast cancer. Publications | 10 April 2024 AACR 2024: Evaluation of HER-2 expression on circulating tumor cells as a real time biomarker in advanced breast cancer HER2 analysis on circulating tumor cells using the OncoDiscover® platform enables real-time, non-invasive profiling for improved metastatic breast cancer treatment decisions. Introduction: Breast cancer accounts for 12.5% of all new annual cancer cases worldwide. Cases classified as HER2-positive tend to proliferate, metastasize, and often lead to relapse. HER2 is one of the most valid tumor markers and is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Thus, analyzing the expression of HER2 on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can offer a real-time dynamic biomarker for guiding treatment options between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Functional assays on CTCs with the HER2 biomarker offer evolving diagnostic opportunities, especially when tissue samples are not accessible or are inadequate. Methods: Retrospectively, blood samples from 179 breast cancer patients were analyzed for the presence of CTCs using the OncoDiscover® platform approved by the Drug Controller General of India (CDSCO). The platform consists of an immunomagnetic multi-component system mediated by anti-EpCAM antibodies. The isolated cells were immunostained using the nuclear dye DAPI along with CK18, CD45, and HER2 antibodies. CTCs were identified by the presence of HER2-positive, CK18-positive, DAPI-positive, and CD45-negative staining. Validation of HER2 expression on CTCs was analyzed based on the linear intensity gradients of fluorescence signals. CTCs were termed HER2-negative when weak or no detectable fluorescence signal was observed and HER2-positive when high fluorescence signals were detected. Results: Among the cohort of 179 patient samples, 63.68% of samples showed the presence of CTCs, with counts ranging from 1–7 CTCs. Among these, 47.84% of the detected CTCs showed HER2 expression. The mean fluorescence intensity value for HER2 expression in CTCs was found to be 3.23. The observed fluorescence intensity further emphasizes the robustness of CTCs as a viable source for molecular characterization. Conclusion: Integration of HER2 analysis on CTCs into the clinical assessment of metastatic breast cancer may offer a non-invasive, real-time strategy for tumor profiling and may help pave the way for more precise and tailored therapeutic interventions. Know more Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

CTC and PD-L1 profiling across cancers supports monitoring, recurrence detection, and MRD. Publications | 3 June 2025 Comparative analysis of circulating tumor cell distribution with PD-L1 expression in baseline and follow ups patients across cancer types. This multi-cancer study shows CTC and PD-L1 prevalence across Indian patients, supporting minimal residual disease monitoring and personalized cancer care. Background India presents a diverse genetic pool with varying cancer incidence patterns. Common cancers in the Indian population include head and neck, lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and gastrointestinal cancers. Understanding the distribution of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) across these cancers may help account for cellular minimal residual disease (MRD) and early recurrence in solid tumors. Surgery with curative intent can be further evaluated for residual disease using dual biomarkers such as ctDNA and CTCs. Methods In this retrospective analysis, peripheral blood samples from 5,935 patients across various cancer types—including head and neck, lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and gastrointestinal cancers—were evaluated for the presence of CTCs, with and without PD-L1 overexpression and CTC clusters. CTCs were detected using the OncoDiscover platform approved by CDSCO in 1.5 mL of peripheral blood. The platform utilizes a multifunctional magneto-nanosystem mediated by anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies. CTCs were confirmed as EpCAM⁺, CK18⁺, DAPI⁺, and CD45⁻ cells. PD-L1 expression on CTCs was analyzed using linear fluorescence intensity gradients acquired through an automated Zeiss microscope. Additionally, a computational model was developed to evaluate CTC frequency, mean distribution, regression analysis, and normal probability plots to assess predictability across cancer types, age groups, stages, and genders. Results The study included 5,935 patient blood samples, comprising 90.07% baseline and 9.92% follow-up samples. CTC counts ranged from 1 to 10 per 1.5 mL of blood, with a mean value of 1.12. Among the patients, 69.87% (n = 2,854) demonstrated PD-L1 expression on their CTCs, with a mean value of 0.99. The 51–60-year age group exhibited the highest proportion of both total CTCs (19.16%, n = 1,137) and PD-L1–positive CTCs (19.71%, n = 805). Most CTC clusters were identified in breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Pancreatic cancer patients showed the highest mean CTC count (1.4), whereas laryngeal cancer samples had the lowest mean count (0.78). The computational model indicated that the 51–60-year age group had the highest impact on cancer prevalence and mean CTC distribution. The model also demonstrated a strong correlation between blood-based outcomes and normal probability scores. Conclusions Higher CTC counts were strongly associated with advanced disease stages, particularly in cancers prone to hematogenous spread, such as breast, lung, and prostate cancers. Incorporating CTC profiling from baseline into diagnostic and surveillance strategies may enhance personalized cancer management. The presence of CTCs in disease-free survival (DFS) settings suggests potential links to poor therapeutic response, disease progression, and minimal residual disease. View Publication Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Self-propelled CNT microrockets enable rapid capture and isolation of CTCs. Publications | 13 April 2015 Manuscript: Self-propelled Carbon Nanotube Based Microrockets for Rapid Capture and Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells Self-propelled CNT microrockets rapidly capture and magnetically isolate circulating tumor cells, enabling faster liquid biopsy and early cancer detection. We demonstrated a novel carbon nanotube (CNT)-based microrocket that propels efficiently through the thrust generated by oxygen (O₂) bubbles. These self-propelled microrockets exhibit ultrafast propulsion in aqueous solutions as well as in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM). The microrocket generated a driving force of over 231 and 300 pN in DMEM containing 4% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The speed and distance traveled by the microrocket can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of H₂O₂. The designed multifunctional microrocket has the ability to (i) rapidly target (~5 minutes) and efficiently capture (~85%) transferrin receptor–positive (TfR⁺) cancer cells from an artificial CTC-like suspension, (ii) magnetically isolate the captured cells from peripheral blood cells, and (iii) enable subsequent high-resolution imaging. We envision that such self-powered micromotors could provide a novel and effective approach for the rapid and efficient extraction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from biological fluids, supporting early cancer diagnosis and detection of recurrence. View Manuscript Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe

Assessment of circulating tumor cells and clusters expressing PD-L1 in urological cancers Publications | 17 March 2026 ASCO 26: Assessment of circulating tumor cells and clusters expressing PD-L1 in urological cancers High prevalence of PD-L1–positive circulating tumor cells in urological cancers, especially prostate cancer, indicating minimal residual disease and recurrence risk. Abstract Background Urological cancers, including prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular, and penile cancers, often fail to show symptoms or show only nonspecific symptoms at early stages. This leads to delayed diagnosis, treatment decisions, and outcomes. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predict the outcome in metastatic prostate cancer (PC). Furthermore, in bladder cancer, CTC positivity is linked to muscle invasion, higher recurrence risk, and worse clinical outcomes. CTC PD-L1 expression could evade immune elimination. In spite of complete remission, a higher percentage of patients are known to recur in urothelial cancers. CTCs acting as minimal cellular residual disease (MCRD) are highly implicated, knowing their capacity to be dormant systemically with extravasation and invasion to distant organs. We analyzed the presence of CTCs with PD-L1 over-expression in urological cancers at baseline and follow-ups. Methods Retrospectively, a total of 359 urological cancer patients were evaluated for CTC positivity, including 307 at baseline and 52 follow-up samples. The cancer type distribution was prostate cancer (n = 139), bladder (n = 188), kidney (n = 10), testes (n = 2), penis (n = 8), urothelial (n = 12), etc. Ninety-five percent of the patients were male (n = 293) and 5% were female (n = 14), with most patients aged 61 to 80 years. CTCs expressing PD-L1, positive CTCs, and CTC clusters were analyzed using OncoDiscover® PD-L1 markers and a Zeiss fluorescence automated microscope. Demographics, cancer mean distribution, and CTC and cluster frequency were analyzed. Results Of the 359 patients, CTCs were detected in 68.2% (245/359) of patients, while PD-L1 over-expression on CTCs was present in 49.9% (179/359) of patients. However, CTC clusters were uncommon and occurred in 7.2% (26/359) of patients. Across cancer types (total CTCs = 436), prostate cancer accounted for higher CTCs with a mean CTC distribution of 2.18, while bladder was 0.74, urothelial 0.34, testes 0.18, kidney 0.74, and penis 0.38, respectively. CTC PD-L1 was highest in prostate cancer (46.1%) compared to other cancers, and CTC cluster prevalence was 1.8% in prostate cancer, urothelial (0.9%), and bladder (0.2%) cancers. In CTC-positive cases, 56.3% of patients had only one CTC, 27.8% showed two CTCs, and 8.2% had three. The mean across all patients was 0.6 for CTCs, 0.3 for CTC-PD-L1 positive, and 0.1 for clusters. Conclusions CTCs with PD-L1-positive overexpression were observed across urological cancers, being particularly higher in prostate cancer compared to bladder, kidney, and penis cancers. Many patients are known to recur in spite of complete remission, possibly due to the presence of aggressive CTCs in circulation that could evade the immune system. More studies assessing the presence of CTCs with PD-L1 expression are justified in urological cancers for minimal cellular residual disease and as prognostication. View Publication Stay One Step Ahead of Cancer. Get the latest news and innovations from Actorius delivered straight to your inbox. Subscribe for regular updates Email* Yes, subscribe me for regular updates. * Subscribe